切片模式
你有没有试过,用模式匹配去匹配切片的内容和结构? Rust 2018 将让你做到这一点。
例如,我们想要接受一个名单列表并回复问候语。使用切片模式,我们可以用以下方式轻松完成:
fn main() { greet(&[]); // output: Bummer, there's no one here :( greet(&["Alan"]); // output: Hey, there Alan! You seem to be alone. greet(&["Joan", "Hugh"]); // output: Hello, Joan and Hugh. Nice to see you are at least 2! greet(&["John", "Peter", "Stewart"]); // output: Hey everyone, we seem to be 3 here today. } fn greet(people: &[&str]) { match people { [] => println!("Bummer, there's no one here :("), [only_one] => println!("Hey, there {}! You seem to be alone.", only_one), [first, second] => println!( "Hello, {} and {}. Nice to see you are at least 2!", first, second ), _ => println!("Hey everyone, we seem to be {} here today.", people.len()), } }
现在,你不必检查长度了。
你也可以匹配 array 如下:
#![allow(unused_variables)] fn main() { let arr = [1, 2, 3]; assert_eq!("ends with 3", match arr { [_, _, 3] => "ends with 3", [a, b, c] => "ends with something else", }); }
更多的细节
穷举模式
在第一个例子中,注意匹配的 _ => ...
。 如果开始匹配,那么将会匹配一切情况,所以有“穷尽所有模式”的处理方式。
如果我们忘记使用 _ => ...
或者 identifier => ...
模式,我们会得到如下的错误提醒:
error[E0004]: non-exhaustive patterns: `&[_, _, _]` not covered
如果我们再增加一项,我们将得到如下:
error[E0004]: non-exhaustive patterns: `&[_, _, _, _]` not covered
如此。
数组和精确的长度
在第二个例子中,数组是有固定长度的,我们需要匹配所有长度项,如果只匹配2,4项的话,会报错:
error[E0527]: pattern requires 2 elements but array has 3
和
error[E0527]: pattern requires 4 elements but array has 3
管道中
在切片模式方面,计划采用更先进的形式,但尚未稳定。要了解更多信息,请跟踪 the tracking issue。